Officials of the U.S. Defense Advanced Research Projects Agency (DARPA) in Arlington, Va., a $10.7 million contract option earlier this month to the Lockheed Martin Corp. Missiles and Fire Control segment in Grand Prairie, Texas, for the second phase of the Squad X Core Technologies (SXCT) program.
The SXCT program's goal is to develop new technologies that give infantry squads of eight to 14 members increased situational awareness, as well as improved capabilities in precision engagement, non-kinetic engagement, squad sensing, and squad autonomy.
Other companies also involved in the DARPA SXCT program are SRI International in Menlo Park, Calif., and the Lockheed Martin Advanced Technology Laboratories in Cherry Hill, N.J.
Lockheed Martin Missiles and Fire Control won an original $2.7 million SXCT phase 1 contract with a $10.7 million option on 30 Sept. 2015. SRI International won an original $570,716 SXCT phase 1 contract with a $1.1 million option on 18 Sept. 2016. Lockheed Martin Advanced technology Laboratories won an original 1.7 million SXCT phase 1 contract with a $6.6 million option on 11 Sept. 2015.
U.S. infantry rifle squads today lack 21st century combat power, DARPA official explain. They do not have the ability to switch from offensive and defensive operations to stability operations and back again, which can produce a high number of casualties.
With these disadvantages, today's infantry warfighter faces an adversary that on its own terrain has ubiquitous communications, hides in the terrain or culture, and follows different rules of engagement. The result is that U.S. military squads have less situational awareness than their adversaries, with sensing limited by line of sight and narrow fields of view.
To rectify these problems, the DARPA SXCT program seeks to develop capabilities that enhance the dismounted rifle squad’s situational awareness, as well as to build the rifle squad's combat power to adapt to a broad range of military operations.
The SXCT program has four technology thrusts: precision engagement, non-kinetic engagement, squad sensing, and squad autonomy. Precision engagement seeks to enable the rifle squad to engage threats precisely out to 1,000 meters while maintaining compatibility with infantry weapon systems and human factors limitations.
DARPA wants to develop technologies that help enable the rifle squad to engage known-but-unseen threats with new kinds of guided weapons that are compatible with current squad equipment like the M203/M320 grenade launchers or the Picatinny Rail system.
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Researchers particularly are interested in a micro-missile or advanced 40-millimeter grenade that can engage unseen targets with precision using the networked squad, small unmanned vehicles, data-fusion-enabled shared situational awareness.
Non-kinetic engagement seeks to enable the rifle squad to disrupt enemy command, control, and communications with capabilities like electronic warfare, cyber warfare, and optical warfare. This approach also seeks to use unmanned assets to ranges greater than 300 meters while maneuvering at a normal squad pace.
Squad sensing seeks to enable the rifle squad to detect and pinpoint hidden human threats out to 1,000 meters while maneuvering at a squad pace. DARPA particularly is interested in approaches that might involve acoustic sensor arrays, handheld radar, human heartbeat monitors, and infrared sensors.
Squad autonomy, finally, seeks to enable rifle squad members to keep track of each other and their unit's location to less than six meters in GPS-denied environments by collaborating with unmanned systems maneuvering in squad formations.
This could involve the collaboration of squad members and unmanned systems, and to enable robots operating with the squad to maneuver as members of the squad formation.
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A small unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV), for example, could operate 100 to 200 feet above and in front of the squad to track squad members and take cues from squad maneuvers. An unmanned ground vehicle (UGVs) might operate in front of the squad as an advance scout. Other UGVs could operate with the squad to carry supplies and communications gear.
DARPA particularly is interested in non-active sensors, or those with minimal signatures like spread-spectrum light detection and ranging (LIDAR). Sensors need to be small, lightweight, and power efficient.
In the first phase of the SXCT program Lockheed Martin and SRI International developed concepts in each of the four technological areas. In the second phase Lockheed Martin will enhance promising technologies from the first phase.
For more information contact Lockheed Martin Missiles and Fire Control online at www.lockheedmartin.com/us/mfc.html, or DARPA at www.darpa.mil.
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