Aviation market shows improved profitability but margins still pathetic as Europe continues to lag

Posted by John McHaleGENEVA, Switzerland, 1 Jan. 2011. The International Air Transport Association (IATA) revised its aviation market forecast for 2010 to a net profit of $15.1 billion -- up from the $8.9 billion IATA forecast in September. Similarly the association revised upwards its projections for 2011 to a net industry profit of $9.1 billion -- up from the $5.3 billion forecast in September. Net margins remain weak at 2.7 percent for 2010 and falling to 1.5 percent in 2011."Our profit projections increased for both 2010 and 2011 based on an exceptionally strong third quarter performance, but despite higher profit projections, we still see the recovery pausing next year after a strong post-recession rebound," says Giovanni Bisignani, IATA's director general and chief executive officer. "The two-speed nature of the recovery is unchanged with European airlines continuing to underperform other regions."Bisignani also characterized the improvements in terms of profit margins, which continue to disappoint. "Margins remain pathetic," he says. “With a 2.7 percent net margin in 2010 shrinking to 1.5 percent in 2011, we are nowhere near covering our cost of capital. The industry is fragile and balancing on a knife edge. Any shock could stunt the recovery, as we are seeing with the results of new or increased taxation on airlines and travelers in Europe."Shifts in the industry forecasts can appear dramatic in absolute numbers. It is important to relate them to the size of the industry to understand their significance, IATA officials say. The $6.2 billion increase in IATA's projection for the 2010 net profit (compared to the September forecast) is equal to just 1.1 percent of the industry’s projected $565 billion in revenues."Any increase in profits is a welcome step in the right direction. But the fact that we can increase our profit forecast by 70 percent and still be left with a net margin of just 2.7 percent shows just how far this industry has to go to achieve a normal level of profitability," Bisignani says.2010 forecastMajor drivers for the improved 2010 forecast are: passenger traffic growth of 8.9 percent (compared to 7.7percent previously forecast); strong passenger yield growth of 7.3 percent (unchanged from the previous forecast) ;revenue growth to $565 billion (an improvement of $5 billion on the previous forecast) ; andan average annual oil price in line with previously projected $79 per barrel."The third quarter of 2010 was exceptionally positive in terms of passenger traffic volume. Airlines met increased demand by utilizing their fleets more intensely," Bisignani says. "Fixed costs remained constant, passenger yields firmed and the increased revenues went almost directly to the bottom line." In sharp contrast to improved conditions for air travel, the prospects for air cargo deteriorated from the September forecast. Demand is now expected to grow by 18.5 percent (compared to the previously forecast 19.8 percent), limiting yield growth to 7.0 percent (below the previously forecast 7.9 percent). "The post-recession rebound drove a rapid expansion for cargo earlier in the year but it ran out of steam by the third quarter," Bisignani says. "Since May, overall volumes fell by 5 percent. This will only pick-up when consumers have bought the products that are already on the shelves."2011 forecast"The recovery cycle will pause in 2011. Although the $9.1 billion profit projection for 2011 is better than we had previously forecast, next year the industry will face tougher conditions than what we are experiencing today," Bisignani says.The improvement compared to the previous forecast comes from:stronger traffic growth: passenger and cargo demand is expected to grow by 5.2 percent and 5.5 percent respectively -- an improvement over the 4.9 percent and 5.3 percent previously forecasted; yield improvements: yields are expected to grow by 0.5 percent for passenger traffic, and cargo yields are expected to remain flat, unchanged from the previous forecast.The operating environment will become more difficult because of:increased fuel cost: For 2011, the average oil price is expected to increase to $84 per barrel, up from the $79 per barrel for 2010. This will increase fuel costs to 27 percent of operating costs (up from 26 percent in 2010); slower GDP growth: the 3.5 percent global GDP growth expected in 2010 will slow to 2.6 percent; andtaxation: susterity measures, particularly in Europe, are expected to dampen demand. Significantly increased taxation in some European countries (Germany, Austria, and England) is increasing the cost of travel by between 3 percent and 5 percent -- significant enough to discourage travel and slow the industry recovery, IATA officials say.Regional differencesNorth American carriers will see a 2010 profit of $5.1 billion decrease to $3.2 billion in 2011. Since 2007, U.S. carriers have improved profitability successfully by adjusting capacity ahead of demand changes. The weak U.S. economic recovery will limit demand increases to 3.7 percent (below the global average of 5.3 percent) while capacity will increase by 4.6 percent, driving the decrease in profitability. Asia-Pacific carriers will post the largest profit in 2010 at $7.7 billion, decreasing to $4.6 billion in 2011. It remains the most profitable region of the world for airlines based on strong GDP growth (outside of Japan) of 6.6 percent, led by China, IATA officials say. The 6.9 percent demand growth for 2011 is above the global average, but below the expected capacity expansion of 7.8 percent. The region’s carriers are particularly exposed to fluctuations in cargo markets. While this accelerated improvements in 2010, the region’s carriers will also be disproportionately affected by the expected slowdown in cargo next year. Middle East carriers are expected to see 2010 profits of $700 million shrink to $400 million in 2011. It will be the fastest growing region in both 2010 and 2011. But the pace of demand growth will halve from 21.5 percent in 2010 to 10.5 percent in 2011.European carriers will be the industry laggard among the major regions with a $400 million profit in 2010 shrinking to $100 million in 2011. Improvements from the previous forecast are based primarily on the strength of long-haul operations that take advantage of robust growth in other regions. Intra-European market conditions remain depressed as a result of the debt-crisis, slow economic growth, government austerity measures and increasing taxation. Profitability is further weakened by below trend demand growth of 3.5 percent alongside a 4.4 percent increase in capacity in 2011. Latin American carriers will see their $1.2 billion profit in 2010 cut to $700 million in 2011. Demand growth of 6.3 percent in 2011 will be outstripped by a capacity expansion of 7.2 percent. Consolidation within the region and a robust regional economy, led by Brazil, will continue to support solid and profitable growth among the region's leading carriers. African carriers will see 2010 profits of $100 million move to break-even in 2011. As with other regions, a capacity expansion of 6.4 percent in 2011 will outstrip demand growth of 5.5 percent. The region's carriers continue to benefit from a commodity-led economic expansion that is fueling growth in both regional and long-haul markets.

Aviation market shows improved profitability but margins still pathetic as Europe continues to lag

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